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CAFFEINE

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Caffeine is a bitter white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a psychoactive stimulant drug and a mild diuretic (speeds up urine production)<ref>[http://www.coffeescience.org/media/athletic CoffeeScience.org]</ref> in humans and other animals. Caffeine was discovered by a German chemist, Friedrich Ferdinand Runge, in 1819. He coined the term "kaffein", a chemical compound in coffee, which in English became caffeine. <ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/caffeine caffeine - Definitions from Dictionary.com]</ref> Caffeine is also called guaranine when found in guarana, mateine when found in mate (beverage)|mate, and theine when found in tea; all of these names are synonyms for the same chemical compound.

Caffeine is found in varying quantities in the beans, leaf|leaves, and fruit of over 60 plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants. It is most commonly consumed by humans in infusions extracted from the coffee bean|beans of the Coffea arabica|coffee plant and the leaves of the Camellia sinensis|tea bush, as well as from various foods and drinks containing products derived from the kola nut or from cacao. Other sources include yerba mate, guarana berries, and the Yaupon Holly.

In humans, caffe... read all